Furnace construction



May 13, 1930. F. B. ALLEN 1,758,421

FURNACE CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 13, 1924 4 6 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR TT RNEY Mayjl3, 1930. FE. ALLEN FURNACE CONSTRUCTION 6 Sheets-Sheet Filed Nov. 13 1924 0 P O N 0 T4 e o w P o o l 9 0 o v z m. m\ n\ e o no lo 0 no I vJ m. x. A. In F! f INVENTOR M A we.

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FURNACE CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 15, 1924 I 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR 1M mm B Y a 7ATTORZEY May 13, 1930. F. B. ALLEN 1,753,421

FURNACE CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 15 1924 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 i I I 111 111 INVENTOR Maw...-

ATTO NEY y 1930. F. B. ALLEN 1,758,421

FURNACE CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 13 1924 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR BY 5 s Q ATTZRNEY May 13, 1930. F. B. ALLEN 1,758,421

FURNACE CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 15, 1924 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 1 vg/zy/gw dktoms 3 k Patented May 13, 1930 UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE rum: 3. ALLEN, or nownn niEnIon rownsnrr, mofireommty coUN'rY, rmmsm VANIA, ASSIGNOR, IBY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE ALn N-sEETmAN-norr comrm,.or rnrnannnrnm, rnnnsvnvanm, A CORPORATION or rnmrsrnvma FURNACE CONSTRUCTION Application filed November 13, 1924. Serial No. 749,807.

This invention relates to the construction of furnace bottoms and particularly bottoms for furnaces of the burner type in which combustible material is fed into .the combustion chamber through burners.

It also relates to furnace construction in which means are provided for cooling the bottom walls and certain of the supporting structures thereof, and for leading the cooling fluid into the combustion chamber of the furnace.

It further relates to new and improved bottoms for furnaces of the burner type which are provided with means for simultaneously maintaining the temperature of the bottom below a predetermined maximum temperature, and preheatin gases preliminary to their delivery into t e combustion chamber of the furnace.

a In furnaces of the burner type, i. e., furnaces in which the combustible material, such as oil, gas or pulverized fuel',.is introduced into the combustion chamber through burn-- ers, as contrasted with stoker furnaces where the combustible material is fed into the com bustion chamber on a grate, the amount of solid material resulting from the combustion is somewhat more finely divided or present in smaller amounts than in the stoker type of furnace and affords less protection to the bottom walls of the furnace against the heat of the flame. Furthermore when powdered coal is bein burned not only does a comparative- 1y sma 1 amount of ash accumulate in the furnace to protect the walls but a considerable uantity of hot slag'may form and collect directly on the furnace walls. The-bottom walls of furnaces,'or furnace bottoms of the burner type are thus often,subjected to extreme tem matures and severe servlce conditions tendlng to shorten their periodof usefulness. Accordingly it may often be desirable or necessary to maintain the temperature of such walls and even of the metal struceas to construct-and not readily susceptible to reakage or other factors tending to destroy its usefulness while in service.

t In the drawings accompanying this specification and forming a part thereofv Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a furnace bot- Figs. 5 and 6 are, respectively, plan and sectional views of a metal wall plate. employed in my improved furnace bottom construction.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentar view of furnace bottom construction embo ying my invention for cooling the walls and introducing ases heated by the walls into the combustion c amber of the furnace, and

"Fig. 8 is a fragmentary viewof furnace bottom construction embodying .my invention and in which means are provided for conducting heated gases to the burner of'the furnace.

- Figure 9 is a top' plan view, partly in section, similar to Fig. 1 but taken below the lining material 13 and through the passages 12, 19 and 19. Figure-10 is a fragmentary vertical section taken substantially online 10- 10 of Fig. 9.

My invention contemplates the construction of a furnace bottom and supporting structures therefor which will be substan-" tially self .cooling. To this end I providev passages in the bottom walls throu h' which cooling fluids may flow. I prefer t at these passages should have inlet and outletopen;

furnace bottom and should extend u wardly to permit the cooling fluid as heate to expand and rise there n, thus creatin a current drawin in additional cooling uid at all rate depen mg on the temperature of the wall and operating substantially'automatiings near the lower and upper ends of; the

cally. My invention also includes passages extending horizontally in the bottom and preferably communicating with the upper ends of the upright passages and so constructed, arranged and connected to associated parts as to insure flow of cooling fluids thereto.

One form of construction embodying my invention is shown in the accompanying drawings in which numeral 1 designates girders which support the furnace side refractory walls 2 and from which is supported and suspended a furnace bottom including a metal frame comprising inclined angle irons 3 and bottom members or castings 4, 4 and 4 the latter being provided with theusual opening 5 through which material may I be discharged from the furnace and with doors 6 to act as closures for the openings. The angle irons 3 carry on their inner surfaces detachable metal plates 7 which together constitute the outer metal shell of the furnace. These plates are each provided with outer peripheral strengthening flanges 8 and bolt securing lugs 9 and on the inner surface have spacedparallel ribs 10 which are arranged to extend substantially parallel to the angle irons 3. The ribs 10 are 10- other.

cated similarly on each plate. The plates constituting any given upright row thus have the ribs 10 extending vertically and in substantially upright alignment with each The plates 7 with their flanges 8 and lugs 9 are substantially the same as are shown and described in some detail in Patent No. 1,496,402, issued to me on June 3, 1924, except that ribs 10 are additional thereto. Slabs 11 composed of refractory material and of a size sufficient to bridge two or more of the ribs 10 en age the ribs and thus convert the spaces etween the ribs into upwardly extending passages 12 through which cooling fluid may flow. Refractory lining material, preferably in brick form 13, is supported on the inner surface of slabs '11. In some instances one layer of bricks 13 may be sufficient but I have shown two such layers.

The slabs and bricks comprise the liner portion of the furnace wall.

The slabs 11 and bricks 13 are supported primarily by the angle irons 3 and the members 4, 4 and 4 and are maintained in the pos tion shown by suitable anchoring means,

such for example as the upstanding flanges 14 on member 4". When the walls are substantially vertical additional means may be employed to prevent buckling and falling of the liner,

It will be noted that the plates 7 extend near to the top and on the inner side of the glrders -1. Communicating with the passages 12 and extending across the top of the girders 1, I provide passages 16 for cooling fluid flowing upwardly through the passages 12. The passages are formed by interposing ribs composed of rolled steel sections between the top of girder 1 and the bottom of wall 2, as clearly shown in Fig. 4. The space between these ribs form passages serving as continuations of passages 12. In certain intances, where it is desirable to conduct gases into the combustion chamber 15 of the furnace at various places, I may form passages 17 in the upright walls 2 communicating with the passages 12 or with the extensions 16 thereof, as is more clearly shown in Fig. 7, apertures 17 being formed in the wall 2 from the passages 17 to connect the latter with the interior of the combustion chamber or furnace 15. Also in certain instances it may be desirable to conductthe cooling fluid passing upwardly through passages 12 directly to the burner of the furnace. As shown in Fig. 8, this may be effected by providing a pipe or tube 18 in the form of a manifold to receive the fluids from several passages 12 and 16 and conduct the same into the combustion chamber through a burner (not shown);

It will be understood that I prefer to provide passages 12 or their equivalents in the lower part of the furnace bottom and extending upwardly over the girders 1. Where a furnace is provided with two or more bottom openings 5, I may also provide horizontal passages 19 for cooling the wall or walls between the said openings the outer ends of these passages.19 communicating with certain of the upright passages 12 as indicated in dotted lines at 19 and Figs. 2. 3, 7 and 8,

.fluid in such passages and inducing a flow of fluid in the horizontal passages 19 and 19, which fluid would otherwise tend to remain more or less motionless unless movement thereof were artificially produced. The upward flow of cooling fluid in passages 12 is further expedited and facilitated, where gas or air constitutes the cooling fluid and where the passages 12 open into or are connected to the interior of the furnace 13, by the slight vacuum under which most furnaces operate and by the draft through the fur- Obviously, other means also could naces. be employed to create a draft through these passages and therefore they need not be connected with passages. As shown these p'assa es are formed between castings 4 and sla s 11 which rest on upright flanges 20 on castings '4. Apertures 20 and 22 in members 4 afl'ord inlets for cooling fluids to the passages. Y a

The lower ends of plates'7 are suitably cut away or perforated as at 21 to permit the ingress of suitable cooling fluid, preferably ily shaped to conform td the needs of the particular furnace. Forexample in buildmg a corner of the furnace bottom the plates 7 may have their edges or corners sawed ofl to fit the corner and each other. The slabs 11 which are flat, relatively'thin, refractory members can be easily and more or less accurately chipped off to conform to the size of the available space. The same applies tothe inner wall bricks 13. An inaccuracies in breaking or fitting there actory members together will, of course, be filled with the fire clay mixture used as mortar between the bricks and slabs. Although my invention has been described .hereinabove in some detail in connection with one particular form of furnace construction 1t is to be understood that such details are given for urposes of illustration only and that aecor ingly various changes in the details shown and described may be made without departing fromthe scope of my invention.

Having thus described my invention so that those skilled in the art may be enabled to practice same, whatI desire to secure b Letters Patent is defined in what is claime What is claimed:

1. In a furnace of the class described,-wall supporting members and a furnace bottom supported thereby, the said bottom comprising an inner refractory lining, an outer metal shell spaced apart therefrom and havin integral projections cooperating with sai refractory lining toform cooling fluid passages between the lining and shell, the said passages extending upwardly past the inner sides and adjacent to the side wall supporting members.

2. A hopper comprising a shell, supporting means for the shell, metallic spacers carried by the inner-surface of the .shell and a refracto% lining supported by, said spacers, the she spacers and liningdefining fluid cooling passages:

3. A hopper comprising a metal shell, supporting means therefor, inwardly and up wardly extending ribs carried by the she and a refractory linin carried by said ribs.

4. "A hopper suspen ed from beams, comprising a metallic frame carried by the beams,

a metallic sheathing carried by the frame andextendin of said s ell and a refractory hmng carried forming therewith a shell for the hopper, in-

wardly and upwardly extendin ribs within the sheathing and carried the'reb and a refractory lining carried by the ribs and spaced thereby from the sheathing. y

5. A hopper suspended from beams, comprising a metallic frame work connected with the said beams and depending therefrom, a metallic gate frame constituting the lower end of said frame work and provided with an openin through which material may be discharge from the hopper, a metallic sheathing carried by the frame work, inwardly and upwardly extending ribs on the inner surface of said sheathing, and a refractory lining supported u on said ribs, the sheathing, ribs and lining farming upwardly extending cooling fluid passages between the lining and sheathing. y

6. A hopper suspended from beams, comprising a metallic frame work connected with the said beams and depending therefrom, a metallic gate frame constituting the lower end of said frame work and provided with an openin through which material may be discharge from the hopper, a metallic sheathing carried by the frame work, inward ly and upwardly extending ribs on the inner surface of said sheathin and a refractory lining supported u on sa1d ribs inspaced relation to the sheathmg forming upwardly 'extending cooling fluid passages extending in cooling relation to, the tops of the beams.

7. A hopper wall comprising a supporting frame work, an outer shell carried thereby and an inner refractory lining carried by said shell upon inwardly extending ribs formed inte ral with said shell, the shell, lining and ribs defining upwardly extending cooling fluid passa es.

8. A hopper wal com rising a supporting frame work, an outer s ell carried thereby, a plurality of spaced normally upwardly extending ribs carried by the inner surface of said shell and a refractory lining supported by said ribs.

9. A hopper wall comprising a supporting frame work, an outer shell carried thereby, a plurality of substantially normal upwardly ribs carried by the inner surface upon said ribs and forming with the ribs and shell upwardly extending cooling fluid passa es.

I0. A hop er wall comprising a frame work suspen ed from beams, a metal shell carried by said frame work and rovided with upwardly extendin normal ribs on its internal surface, a re actory lining supported u on said ribs and forming therewith and with the shell upwardilty extending cooling fluid passages, outwar y'extending cooling fluid passages over the top of the beams, the passatglfs in the hopper walls communicating with e passages over the beams.

11. A hopper wall comprising a frame work suspended from beams, a metal shell carried by said frame work and provided with upwardly extending normal ribs on its internal surface, a refractory lining supported upon said ribs and defining therewith and with the shell upwardly extending cooling fluid passages opening into outwardly extending passages over the tops of the floor beams, and means to admit air from the exterior of the hopper at the juncture of the upwardly and outwardly extending passages.

In testimony whereof I hereunto afiix my signature.

FRANK B. ALLEN. 

